对于拖拉机前轴弯曲疲劳试验上限载荷的探讨

利用拖拉机原始载荷谱及试验数据对比,通过不同车辆间的试验标准对比,分析轮式拖拉机前轴疲劳试验标准中关于最大载荷的选取,表明标准JB/T 9828-1999规定的疲劳强化试验最大载荷的选取偏大,并对如何选取最大试验载荷进行了探讨。     

某柴油机连杆力学响应分析

提取连杆工作过程中的最大拉伸和最大压缩工况,通过计算机CAE技术施加不同的边界条件和约束计算其基本的静力学响应,对其安全性进行了评价。连杆实际工作过程中会受到交变的扰动载荷,需对其疲劳耐久性做出更好的把握,因此,借助多体动力学技术计算出连杆工作周期的载荷时间历程,并制作了连杆危险部位的应力时间历程,基于结构的S-N曲线进行了疲劳寿命的计算。结果表明,连杆结构具有较好的强度和可靠性指标。     

半干旱矿区典型灌木根系固土力学及疲劳性能的差异性

[目的] 研究循环荷载对3种典型灌木根系抗拉力学特性的影响，明确疲劳作用后灌木根系固土效能的变化，为半干旱矿区生态修复和侵蚀防控过程中的植物种选择提供科学依据。 [方法] 以北沙柳、小叶锦鸡儿和沙棘根系为研究对象，利用TY8000伺服控制材料试验机对2～4 mm根径范围内的直根及侧根分支处施加轻度和重度循环荷载，分析疲劳前后根系抗拉力和抗拉强度的变化。 [结果] ①3种灌木根生物量、累计根长、根体积和根表面积种间差异显著，均表现为：北沙柳＞小叶锦鸡儿＞沙棘，且根生物量和根体积均主要分布于0-10 cm的表层土体，所占比例平均为38.5%和35.3%，累计根长和根表面积均主要分布于10-20 cm的浅层土体，所占比例平均为30.1%和29.8%。 ②3种灌木直根在疲劳前后抗拉力均与根径呈幂函数正相关，抗拉强度均与根径呈幂函数负相关，且抗拉力和抗拉强度均表现为：小叶锦鸡儿＞北沙柳＞沙棘，根系疲劳可显著提升直根抗拉性能。 ③3种灌木侧根分支处在疲劳前后抗拉力与抗拉强度随根径的变化与直根相似，疲劳前小叶锦鸡儿抗拉力最大，北沙柳次之，沙棘最低，但疲劳后却表现为：沙柳＞小叶锦鸡儿＞沙棘，根系疲劳可显著提升北沙柳和沙棘侧根分支处的抗拉力学性能，却会降低小叶锦鸡儿抗拉能力。 [结论] 在风蚀环境中，北沙柳根系在侵蚀过程中能始终保持良好的抗拉性能，可发挥稳定的固土抗蚀效能，应作为半干旱矿区植被重建的优选植物种。     

导向臂空气悬架结构有限元仿真与试验验证

通过UG软件建立了悬架结构的三维模型,在此基础上,应用HyperMesh建立了结构的有限元模型;并在ANSYS-Workbench中对其进行了3种极限工况下的静强度校核,验证了结构的强度。通过采用滤波白噪声建立路面时域模型作为动力学仿真的路面输入,在ADAMS软件中,进行动力学分析,得到在该路面输入作用下的载荷时间历程曲线;在N-Code DesignLife软件中,运用线性累计损伤准则对结构进行了疲劳寿命的预测,得到结构在随机载荷下的寿命及损伤分布。此外,通过与企业项目合作,在疲劳试验机下对悬架结构部件做了耐久性台架试验,检验在受到近似随机载荷作用下悬架结构的使用寿命。     

割草压扁机变速箱斜交锥齿轮设计与强度分析

为解决割草压扁机工作过程中传动轴转动角度过大引起的失效问题,设计一对斜交锥齿轮传动,计算锥齿轮的几何参数,校核锥齿轮的弯曲和接触疲劳强度。结果表明,设计的斜交锥齿轮强度满足使用需要,为后续斜交锥齿轮传动的设计与应用提供了重要的理论依据。     

索承式桥梁吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命评估

根据吊索镀锌钢丝腐蚀疲劳破坏特点，把镀锌钢丝腐蚀疲劳纹形成和扩展过程分解成镀锌层腐蚀失效、蚀坑萌生、蚀坑形成、短裂纹扩展、长裂纹扩展和断裂破坏等阶段，建立各阶段时间表达式，得到镀锌钢丝疲劳寿命表达式，提出基于断裂力学的吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命评估研究结果方法。通过算例分析复杂运营条件下腐蚀环境和应力幅等因素对吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响，研究结果表明：吊索钢丝腐蚀疲劳寿命主要由钢丝镀锌层腐蚀、蚀坑发展和短裂纹扩展等3个阶段组成，为了准确地评估吊索腐蚀疲劳寿命，需要掌握大桥的运营环境和交通荷载。     

Cross-sectional survey of sleep,fatigue and mental health in veterinary anaesthesia personnel

ObjectiveTo evaluate the sleep quality, prevalence of fatigue and depressive symptoms in veterinary anaesthesia personnel.Study designAnonymous online voluntary survey.MethodsSleep quality, fatigue, depressive symptoms and self-perceived burnout were scored using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and single-item burnout measure, respectively. Demographic data and questions about work-related fatigue, out-of-hours duty, transport and rest periods were included. PSQI, FSS and PHQ-9 scores were compared using Spearman rank correlation tests.ResultsResponses from 393 participants were obtained from an estimated population of 1374 including diplomates of the American and European Colleges of Veterinary An(a)esthesia and Analgesia (43.9%), residency-trained veterinarians (15.6%), residents-in-training (13.8%) and veterinary technicians and nurses (12.0%), from 32 countries. Most were employed in clinical university teaching hospitals (54.2%) or clinical private practice (41.5%).PSQI scores > 5 were reported by 71.2% of respondents, with 52.4% reporting insufficient sleep to meet their job demands. Many showed high or borderline fatigue (56.4%), and 74.7% reported mistakes due to work-related fatigue. Major depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) were found in 42.7%, with 19.2% reporting they had thought about suicide or self-harm in the previous 2 weeks. Over half (54.8%) met the criteria for burnout and more veterinary nurses and technicians suffered from burnout than other roles, with 79.6% of this group affected (p < 0.001).Scores for PSQI and FSS [r (388) = 0.40, p < 0.001]; PSQI and PHQ-9 [r (389) = 0.23, p < 0.001]; and FSS and PHQ-9 [r (387) = 0.24, p < 0.001] were all positively correlated.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis survey demonstrates a high prevalence of poor sleep, fatigue, depressive symptoms and burnout in veterinary anaesthesia personnel, and more should be done to improve the health of those in the profession.     

基于缺口应力法的焊接接头多轴疲劳分析

鉴于当前焊接接头疲劳评估曲线只适用于单轴加载情况，基于缺口应力法对焊接接头进行了多轴疲劳分析。通过联合焊接接头的多轴疲劳试验名义应力数据和有限元法所计算的缺口应力集中系数，获得了5种焊接接头的各向缺口应力；根据Von Mises、ⅡW和EESH 3种多轴疲劳准则计算出等效缺口应力并将其统一在同一坐标系统下；最后采用最小二乘法拟合出适用于多轴疲劳评估的缺口寿命曲线。与ⅡW标准推荐的单轴曲线相比，这些多轴缺口疲劳曲线具有更低的倾斜度和更高的疲劳等级，即多轴加载时明显降低了10³~10⁶次中周范围内的疲劳强度值，而对10⁶~10⁷次高周疲劳范围的影响则相对有限。